Boiler



Sept. 10, 1940.

E. J. LATTNER BOILER Filed Sept. 10, 1937 *INVENTOR. EVE/P7 J. LATT/VERA TTORNEY 7 xaz Patented Sept. 10, 1940 Emert J. Lattner, Cedarltapids,Iowa Application September 10, 1937, Serial No. 163,238

1 Claim. This invention relates to boilers and particularly to thestructure of the water jackets and casings for such boilers.

In all the conventionaltypes of boilers, the hot gases pass through anarea completely surrounded by water with the result that the gases intheir travel contact surfaces not warmer than steam temperature, causingcondensation of the gases and accumulation of carbon. Furthermore, theconventional types of boilers havenot been compactand efficient and easytoassemble and disassemble. f

I have found that in the process of heat transfer from gases to solidssuch as water jackets, boiler linings and the lik the efficiency of heattransfer is greater if a given volume of gases have passed overthe's'urfaces at high velocity than if the same volume of gases passover the surfaces at low velocities.

- In the low velocity condition, it is probable that the efficiency ofheat transfer is cut down be:

cause the layer of gasadjacent the water jacket transfers its heat andthen acts as an insulating medium to prevent the heat transfer fromgases at a distance from the surface.

It is, therefore, a general object of my invention to improve theefliciency of a boiler by cutting down the condensation of the gases andthereby materially reducing the accumulation of carbon.

Another object of my invention is to provide a.

means associated'with and adjacent the water jacket which will attain ahigh temperature and act to transfer heat tothe' water jacket andreduce' the accumulation of carbon.

Another objector 'my invention is to provide I means for increasing'theeiiiciencyof heat transfer ina boiler.

Still another-objectof y invention is to pro-. vide' means forselectively speedin up the velocity of heated gases as they pass overthe water jacket 01' a boiler.

Other objects of my invention are "to provide a new and .improved boilerwhich shall attain high efficiency, which shalloccupy relatively smallspace, which can readily be serviced and repaired and which isinexpensive to manufacture and maintain.

It is a feature of my invention that the velocity of gases is materiallyincreased at the points where heat transfer to the water in the boilertakes place. I

It is another feature of my invention that the inner lining of thecasing adjacent the outer surface of the water Jacket is comprised of aheat bolts IT. The plate I6 affords a supportfor the;

absorbing and retaining material to thus maintain the temperature of thegases and prevent the accumulation of carbon. I Other and furtherfeatures and objectsof the invention will be more apparent to thoseskilled 5 in the art upon a consideration of the accompanying drawingand following specification, "wherein is disclosed a single embodimentof the invention, with the understanding, however, that such changes maybe made therein as fall within lO' the scope of the appendedclaim,without depart ing fromthe spirit of the invention. In said drawing thefigure is a view in perspec tive illustrating a boiler constructedaccording to e b the unit has been cut away to illustrate the partsthereof to better advantage. II v I While I have illustrated myinvention as em"-' bodied in a unit suitable for use with an oil 1burner, it is quite obvious that the principles ,dis- 2 0 closed areapplicable toja much wider rangeoff 1 structures. I II I I I I The heatgenerating mean may be an oil burner, a gas burner, a stoker, or handfired furnace. While the boiler is shown in a vertical posi- I tion,-itis quite apparent that it could arranged in a horizontal positionaswell. I

Referring now to the drawing, the unit here' easily: be.

' shown is mounted upon arectangular base 0 and I employs asubstantially rectangular ornamental '30 casing or cabinet II forhousing the boiler. This housing is surmounted by'a caplor cover I 2which may readily be removed 'to expose the interior of j the unit.

The device here shown embodies a on burner '35 l3 which is bolted to aframework includingthe I I cover 14 and a supporting'pl'ate [6. Thecover is bolted to the front of the cabinet I I by means of.

combustion chamber'fire box" l8 and, in the em 40 bodiment here I shown,this firebox is a molded member frus'toconical in form at thedischar'gefend 'of the manifold of the oil burneras illus* trated at Iliaandcylindrical'at'the portion which isin'side of'the boiler; asillustrated at I81). 'I'h' 15 fire box IE is insulated from the cover Mby means of a layer of insulating material indicated at l9.

I I preferably provide an insulating layer of low temperature insulationsuch as mineral wool at 2| inside of and adjacent to the wall of thecasing II. A high temperature insulation lining of material such asSuper X or the like is employed inside of the low temperatureinsulation. This high temperature insulation is indicated at 22.

odiment of my invention. A portion of The water chamber of 'jacket isindicated generally-at 23. The boiler is preferably constructed with aninner wall 230, the cross sectional area of which is reduced frombottonr to top,

I for a purpose hereinafter set forth, and having a ring-like cap ordome 23b and a cylindrical outer 'wall 23c. The flame from the burnerfills the fire box I8!) and the interior of the boiler forms a secondarycombustion chamber indilo cated generally at 24. The inner wall of theboiler is constricted in order to increase the velocity of the gases asthey pass over the water Jacket to thereby secure the most rapid heattransfer. 7 j

The inner side of the high temperature insulation 22 is lined with ametal sheet, as indicated at 26, and the spacing of this inner liningwith the cylindrical outer wall 230 of the boiler 23 is such that afurther increase in velocity of gases is obtained thereby obtaining avery rapid heat transfer from the gases to the shell of the watercompartment 23 and to theinner lining26. The heat absorbed by the metalinner lining is radiated to the shell of 25 the water compartment wherethe heat is given up to the water in the boiler. The metal sheet 26takes on flame and gas temperatures, not only assisting-by radiation toheat the water in the water jacket, but also to prevent conden- 80sation of the gases and deposit of carbon. Com-. bustion of the gases ismaintained by the lining 26 even after they leave the combustionchamber.

In order to insure even or distributed flow of I the heated gases overthe inner and outer surfaces of the boiler, I provide a ring-likechamber 21 at the bottom of the outside wall of the boiler, the chamber21 being preferably enlarged by leaving out a portion of the insulation22.

40 The temperatures at this point are relatively --much lower than inthe combustion chamber and the high temperature insulation is not sonecessary at this point, although ofcourse, the insulation used must besumciently heat resistant that it will not be injured by the highesttemperature it is likely to meet. The chamber 21 extends entirely aroundthe boiler, but is of course, reduced at the point 21a. where themanifold enters the fire box. The gases pass outwardly from the chamber21 through the stack 28. v

The device illustrated at 3i is an inspection conduit covered by the cap32. The device illustrated at 33 is a thermostat having the heatresponsive element 331:. projecting into the chamber 34 above theboiler. The device illustrated at 35 is a water temperatureindicatingdevice which is connected with the interior. of the boiler. Water isintroduced into the boiler 30 through the conduit 35 and is dischargedfrom the boiler through the conduit 81.

The entire unit is readily assembled and disassembled. The oil burnermay be removed from the cover plate H merely by removing the bolts 5 Itby which it is secured to the cover It. The

cover It and fire box I! may be removed as a unit by unscrewing thebolts ii. The inspection conduit II is readily disassembled and can bereadily removed by reason oi the telescopic structure'oi the conduit.The water tempera- 5 ture indicator I4 and thermostat 33 are alsoreadily removable. The boiler may be removed from the unit by taking of!the top l2 and lifting the entire boiler irominside the cabinet. Inoperation the greater part of the fuel 10 burns in the combustionchamber or fire box i8 and secondary combustion takes place in thechamber 24 above thefire box. The gases pass upwardly, as indicated byarrows, their rate of flow being increased by the constriction in 15 theinner wall of the boiler. The heated gases pass outward over the crownor cap of the boiler and down the outside wall of the boiler. The gasestend to spread evenly over the entire outside wall of the boiler byreason of the con- 2 striction afforded by the wall 26 and, after theyhave passed over the outer wall of the boiler, they pass' around theboiler in the channel 21 and out through the stack 28. The gases havegiven up the greater portion of their heat by 2 the time they reach thestack 28 and this heat is given up at the proper points with referenceto the boiler, that is, at thednner and outer walls thereof. Both theinner and outer walls of the boiler are used. Space is conserved by 30passing the gases upwardly and then downwardly over the outside of theboiler.

It is apparent that modifications of my in-- vention may be made bythose skilled in the art. Such modifications may be made without 35departing from the spirit and scope of my invention asset forth in theappended claim.

I claim as my invention:

In a boiler, an outer casing of heat insulating material, an innercasing also of heat in- 4 sulating material suspended from the innerwall of the outer casing at the upper portion thereof to thus afford achannel of greater area at the lower inner wall than at the upper innerwall, and a cylindrical water chamber adapted 5 to fit within the casingand to rest on the floor of the casing, the water chamber having acylindrical outer wall and a curved ring-like cap, and having an innerwall the cross section of which is reduced from bottom to top, whereby mgases passing upwardly through the inner passageway thus formed increasein velocity as they flow upward, the spacing between the cylindricalportion of the water chamber and the double thickness wall of the casingbeing of 55 relatively smaller area than that of the inner. passageway,whereby the velocity of gases is still further speeded up and the singlethickness of the outer casing at the lower portion thereof affording anenlarged passageway or equalizing chamber, whereby gases may pass aroundthe lower portion of the water chamber in substantially horizontaldirection to a stack opening.

EMERT J. LATINER.

